In the upper section of the femur, the cancellous bone is composed of two distinct systems of trabeculae. We had stated before that there is 2 main types of bone, the cortical and the trabecular. Cartilage provides padding to each end of the bone. An example of this type of joint is between the vertebrae that form the spine. They are one of five types of bones: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! An example of this type of joint would be the cranium.Cartilaginous joints are partly moveable and the connection between articulating bones is made up of cartilage. Each long bone has the following parts: The diaphysis is the shaft of the bone, made of compact bone. The diaphysis is the hollow, tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The composition of bone, the structure of the long bone and the function of the skeleton Composition of bone “Bone itself consists mainly of collagen fibres and an inorganic bone mineral in the form of small crystals” (University of Cambridge 2005). Long bones are hard, dense bones that provide strength, structure, and mobility. A long bone has two parts: the diaphysis and the epiphysis. Bones and muscles form joints which are needed to move.Formation of blood cells: This process is called haematopoiesis where blood cells are produced in the bone marrow of some bones.Storage: Bones store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus which are inorganic salts needed for the strength of bones. Examples of synovial joints would be elbows, knees and hips (Boundless 2016).Composition and Structure of Long Bone and Skeleton FunctionWe use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Crests are larger ridges.Rounded projections include (from smaller to larger in size) tubercles, protuberances, tuberosities, malleoli, and trochanters.Joint expansions at the ends of bones include heads (just one expansion on the end), condyles (two expansions; one on each side), and epicondyles (smaller expansions located just above condyles).Facets are small flat areas found on bones that form joint (articular) surfaces.Depressions include (from smaller to larger) notches, grooves, sulci, and fossae.Holes and openings may be called fissures, foramens, canals, and meatuses (the name of the marking depends on the bone where it’s located).
There are six types of synovial joints; hinge, pivot, ball & socket, saddle, condyloid and gliding joints.
It’s substantially longer than the phalanges in the hands and feet, which aren’t very long but are still called long bones. It also has a very low coefficient of friction (< 0.01), largely attributed to the presence of synovial fluid that can be squeezed out upon compressive loading.The animation below allows you to explore the microstructure of cortical bone.Bones such as the femur are subjected to a bending moment, and the stresses (both tensile and compressive) generated by this bending moment account for the structure and distribution of cancellous and cortical bone. Long Bones >"Long bones" are longer than they are wide, i.e.
It has a much lower Young’s modulus than cortical bone, and this graded modulus gradually matches the properties of the cortical bone to the cartilage that forms the articulating surface on the femoral head.Bone itself consists mainly of collagen fibres and an inorganic bone mineral in the form of small crystals. The epiphyseal plate is where the bones grow in length. It’s made up of two layers and is pivotal in the repair and growth of your bones. A hollow cylinder is the most efficient structure, again achieving the greatest strength with the minimum of material.Diagram showing computed lines of constant stress from the analysis of various transverse sections Collagen is the main fibrous protein in the body. Bones themselves are actually composed of two types of bone material:Bones without an interior mass of cancellous bone have a medullary cavity instead.
and long bones such as those of the limbs, are formed by two different processes.
By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Since we are looking at increasing the length of long bones, let’s see what the long bone is made of.
Bone - Bone - Chemical composition and physical properties: Depending upon species, age, and type of bone, bone cells represent up to 15 percent of the volume of bone; in mature bone in most higher animals, they usually represent only up to 5 percent.