, 2004]. Their work was published in the January 22, 2009, issue of
Most of the rest of the continent is orange, indicating a smaller warming trend, or white, where no change was observed. Later, they updated their data base to 1996 and revised their estimate of the … is given as rainfall equivalent, i.e. Updating the station surface data involved requesting data from countries who have weather stations on Antarctica. As you will read below, it was far warmer 100 years ago. First, the data contributors update the continent-wide temperature averages produced by Raper et al. Excel spreadsheet and this formula applied:Temperature in degrees This is reflected to some degree in the long-term cooling during May in As with temperature trends, long-term pressure trends are plotted against months for the stations within the same categories (While these observations suggest there may be some link between regional temperature trends and decreases in station surface pressures, it is rather too simplistic to present as a clear argument. Data [4] For Antarctic surface temperature observations, we use the quality‐controlled station records from the Antarctic READER project, which archives continuous monthly observations covering generally the late 1950s to present [Turner et al. Antarctica Climate Data and Climate Graphs Comparison and overview Average monthly temperature for four representative stations in Antarctica, and three centers of population on different continents. Some error checking has been undertaken and hopefully the final result is as close to a definitive database as possible.This NDP consists of this html documentation file, an ASCII text version of this file, six temperature files (three original CRU files for monthly maximum, monthly minimum, and monthly mean temperature and three equivalent files slightly reformatted at CDIAC), two monthly mean pressure data files (one original CRU file and one slightly reformatted CDIAC version of the file), four graphics files that describe the station network and the nature of temperature and pressure trends, a file summarizing annual and mean-monthly trends in surface temperatures over Antarctica, a file summarizing monthly Antarctic surface temperature anomalies with respect to the period 1961-90, a station inventory file, and 3 FORTRAN and 3 SAS routines for reading the data that may be incorporated into analysis programs that users may devise. For example, station temperature can be mistakenly recorded in Fahrenheit, rather than Celsius, and transposing data from written media to digital can lead to further errors. In some cases, due to spatial resolution, there is very little consistency between near neighbors. Once the winter pack ice starts But a new analysis of satellite and weather station data has shown that Antarctica has warmed at a rate of about 0.12 degrees Celsius (0.22 degrees F) per decade since 1957, for a total average temperature rise of 0.5 degrees Celsius (1 degree F).This image, based on the analysis of weather station and satellite data, shows the continent-wide warming trend from 1957 through 2006. Localized sea ice extent and concentration have been shown to be closely linked with surface temperatures.
By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Fahrenheit, the data tables can be copied and dropped into an Data received by CDIAC are rarely in a condition that would permit immediate distribution, regardless of their source. When it is permanently dark, the temperature This loss results in strong surface cooling, giving rise to the characteristic Antarctic temperature inversions in which temperature increases from the surface upward to about 1,000 feet above the surface. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.International concern is increasing over the possibility of Many factors determine Antarctica’s climate, but the primary one is the geometry of the Outgoing terrestrial radiation greatly exceeds absorbed incoming solar radiation. Van den Broeke (1998) found that a weakening of the Southern Hemisphere semiannual oscillation has occurred since the mid 1970s--associated with a decrease of meridional air exchange--that has caused significant May/June cooling in coastal East-Antarctica. These stations are Amundson-Scott (No. Some large discrepancies became apparent--some from obvious typos--while others (often smaller but more numerous) were not immediately obvious.This involved checking the errors (discrepancies) found in (1) above. really starts to drop. *Rainfall figures - precipitation The error checking procedure of the CRU can be summarized as follows:In some cases there were four sources of data, but more often two or three. Dark red over West Antarctica reflects that the region warmed most per decade.
The four files of each type contain monthly mean maximum temperature, monthly mean minimum temperature, monthly mean temperature, and monthly mean sea level pressure (mslp; 25 stations) or station surface pressure (4 stations; detailed in Sect. Antarctica - Climate data - Climate information and average monthly temperature, humidity, rainfall, snowfall, daylight, sunshine, UV index, and sea temperature for all cities and towns. The team used this relationship to extrapolate what the satellite would have recorded over the whole continent had it been in orbit when the weather station record began in 1957. Much of the database comes from the JL87 dataset. Of particular importance within this study are the additional data obtained from Australia, Britain and New Zealand.Large amounts of data were obtained from the web site of Jo Jacka, hosted by the Despite several sources of Antarctic station data there are frequent missing data and errors. It is close to the Pole of Inaccessibility, temperature rises to a peak and then drops again. The program files are:Each record of the station inventory file contains a station's WMO number, latitude and longitude (decimal degrees X 100), and station name.
Separate analyses by NASA and NOAA agree that the past year was hotter than any other since 1880.